CASE OF THE MONTH: Q2 2025
A great case of something

Chief complaint
- 50-year-old Caucasian gentleman with progressive decline in vision OU over the last 2 weeks
History
- Social History: Policeman, no IVDU
- PMH: None
- Medications: None
- ROS: Shingles as a child
Examination
- VA: 20/40 ecc OD, 20/20 OS
- IOP: 12 OD, 9 OS
- Pupils: Round and reactive
- Motility: normal OU
- Cornea/AC: Rare cell in AC OU
- Anterior Vitreous: 1+ cells OU
Summary
- Occlusive retinal vasculitis
- Normal choroidal blood flow
- Involves both arterioles and venules
Differential?
- Retinal vasculitis
- Arteritis vs phlebitis vs both
- Large vessel vs small vessel involvement
- Occlusive vs non-occlusive
- Arteritis vs phlebitis vs both
- Large vessel vs small vessel involvement
- Occlusive vs non-occlusive
Retina vasculitis – Things to look for
- Laterality
- Phlebitis vs arteritis
- Frosted branch angiitis
- Occlusive vs non-occlusive
- Retinal whitening
- Family History
- Ocular History
- Retinitis
- Systemic symptoms*
- Unilateral: Toxoplasmosis, viral
- Predominantly phlebitis: Sarcoidosis, MS, Behçet’s
- Predominantly arteritis: Susac, ANCA-associated, SLE
- Frosted branch angiitis: Viral, ANCA-associated
- Family History: ADNIV, TREX1-associated
- Ocular History: HORV, brolucizumab-related
- Retinitis: INFECTIOUS, Behçet’s
- Systemic symptoms: Numerous
Next Steps?
- Aqueous tap for viral PCR
- Bilateral intravitreal foscarnet injections
- Bilateral PRP
- Etiologic testing
- Empiric antivirals
- Oral steroids
Etiologic Testing
All negative!
Next Steps
- Course of oral steroids – monitor for stabilization vs progression
- Steroid sparing immunosuppression initiated: Methotrexate plus Adalimumab
Continued vascular pruning when prednisone tapered below 20 mg
Next Steps
- Humira increased to weekly, Methotrexate 25 mg weekly continued, bilateral ozurdex
- Subsequently switched to Remicade 10 mg/kg q4 weeks, injected bilateral fluocinolone acetonide implants
- Now off oral steroids and stable without progression for 3 months
Disclosures
- Alimera/ANI (C)
- Allergan (C)
- Avesis (C)
- Bausch + Lomb (C)
- Eyepoint (C)
- Genentech (C, SB)
- Regeneron (C)
- Zeiss (C)